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Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2007) - Samoa (2001)

Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2007) z Samoa (2001)

 Sao Tome and Principe (2007)Samoa (2001)
 Sao Tome and PrincipeSamoa
Administrative divisions 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome


note: Principe has had self government since 29 April 1995
11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano
Age structure 0-14 years: 47.3% (male 47,796/female 46,589)


15-64 years: 49% (male 47,386/female 50,412)


65 years and over: 3.7% (male 3,383/female 4,013) (2007 est.)
0-14 years:
31.88% (male 29,009; female 28,069)

15-64 years:
62.44% (male 70,491; female 41,304)

65 years and over:
5.68% (male 4,739; female 5,446) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish coconuts, bananas, taro, yams
Airports 2 (2007) 3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
total:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
2

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 1,001 sq km


land: 1,001 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
2,860 sq km

land:
2,850 sq km

water:
10 sq km
Area - comparative more than five times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Although the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea promises to have a significant impact on the country's economy. New Zealand occupied the German protectorate of Western Samoa at the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It continued to administer the islands as a mandate and then as a trust territory until 1962, when the islands became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish independence in the 20th century. The country dropped the "Western" from its name in 1997.
Birth rate 39.72 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 15.59 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $42.96 million


expenditures: $59.61 million (2006 est.)
revenues:
$74.8 million

expenditures:
$81.4 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital name: Sao Tome


geographic coordinates: 0 12 N, 6 39 E


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Apia
Climate tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to October)
Coastline 209 km 403 km
Constitution approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990 1 January 1962
Country name conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe


conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe


local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe


local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
conventional long form:
Independent State of Samoa

conventional short form:
Samoa

former:
Western Samoa
Currency - tala (WST)
Death rate 6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 6.29 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $318 million (2002) $180 million (1998 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands chief of mission:
Ambassador Carol MOSELEY BRAUN (Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa, resides in Wellington, New Zealand)

embassy:
5th floor, Beach Road, Apia

mailing address:
P. O. Box 3430, Apia

telephone:
[685] 21631

FAX:
[685] 22030
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA


chancery: 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (212) 317-0580


FAX: [1] (212) 935-7348


consulate(s): Atlanta
chief of mission:
Ambassador Tuiloma Neroni SLADE

chancery:
800 Second Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, NY 10017

telephone:
[1] (212) 599-6196, 6197

FAX:
[1] (212) 599-0797
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $31.9 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program (2005) $42.9 million (1995)
Economy - overview This small, poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence in 1975. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices helped boost export earnings in 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program, which helped bring down the country's $300 million debt burden. In August 2005, Sao Tome signed on to a new 3-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) program worth $4.3 million. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic about the development of petroleum resources in its territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria. The first production licenses were sold in 2004, though a dispute over licensing with Nigeria delayed Sao Tome's receipt of more than $20 million in signing bonuses for almost a year. Real GDP growth exceeded 4% in 2006, as a result of increases in public expenditures and oil-related capital investment. The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports. The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labor force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, and copra. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. Tourism is an expanding sector, accounting for 15% of GDP; about 85,000 tourists visited the islands in 2000. The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline. Observers point to the flexibility of the labor market as a basic strength for future economic advances. Foreign reserves are in a relatively healthy state, the external debt is stable, and inflation is low.
Electricity - consumption 16.74 million kWh (2005) 93 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 18 million kWh (2005) 100 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
60%

hydro:
40%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mauga Silisili 1,857 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion soil erosion
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese) Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European and Polynesian blood), Europeans 0.4%
Exchange rates dobras per US dollar - 12,050 (2006), 9,900.4 (2005), NA 9,902.3 (2004), 9,347.6 (2003), 9,088.3 (2002) tala per US dollar - 3.3400 (January 2001), 3.2712 (2000), 3.0120 (1999), 2.9429 (1998), 2.5562 (1997), 2.4618 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Tome Soares da VERA CRUZ (since 21 April 2006)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 30 July 2006 (next to be held July 2011); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president


election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president; percent of vote - Fradique DE MENEZES 60%, Patrice TROVOADA 38.5%
chief of state:
Chief Susuga MALIETOA Tanumafili II (cochief of state from 1 January 1962 until becoming sole chief of state 5 April 1963)

head of government:
Prime Minister TUILA'EPA Sailele Malielegaoi (since 24 November 1998); note - TUILA'EPA served as deputy prime minister since 1992; he assumed the prime ministership in November 1998 when former Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana resigned in poor health; the post of deputy prime minister is currently vacant

cabinet:
Cabinet consists of 12 members, appointed by the chief of state with the prime minister's advice

elections:
upon the death of Chief Susuga MALIETOA Tanumafili II, a new chief of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a five-year term; prime minister appointed by the chief of state with the approval of the Legislative Assembly
Exports NA bbl/day $17 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil coconut oil and cream, copra, fish, beer
Exports - partners Netherlands 47.9%, Belgium 19%, Portugal 9.3% (2006) American Samoa 59%, US 18%, Germany 9%, New Zealand 8% (2000 est.)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation
GDP - purchasing power parity - $571 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 15%


industry: 13.7%


services: 71.3% (2006 est.)
agriculture:
15%

industry:
24%

services:
61% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $3,200 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.4% (2006 est.) 6.8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 00 N, 7 00 E 13 35 S, 172 20 W
Geography - note the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous -
Highways - total:
835 km

paved:
267 km

unpaved:
569 km (1983)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports NA bbl/day $90 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs
Imports - partners Portugal 48.8%, France 19.7%, Belgium 5.1%, US 5.1% (2006) New Zealand 37%, Australia 24%, Fiji 14%, US 14% (2000 est.)
Independence 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) 1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 10% (2000 est.)
Industries light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber food processing, building materials, auto parts
Infant mortality rate total: 40.54 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 42.42 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 38.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
31.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 23.1% (2006 est.) 0.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 100 sq km (2003) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly) Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force 35,050 (1991) 90,000 (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation note: population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; shortages of skilled workers agriculture 65%, services 30%, industry 5% (1995 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 8.33%


permanent crops: 48.96%


other: 42.71% (2005)
arable land:
19%

permanent crops:
24%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
47%

other:
10%
Languages Portuguese (official) Samoan (Polynesian), English
Legal system based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on English common law and local customs; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held on 26 March 2006 (next to be held in March 2010)


election results: percent of vote by party - MDFM-PCD 37.2%, MLSTP 28.9%, ADI 20.0%, NR 4.7%, others 9.2%; seats by party - MDFM-PCD 23, MLSTP 19, ADI 12, NR 1
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49 seats - 47 elected by Samoans, 2 elected by non-Samoans; only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Fono; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held by March 2006)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HRPP 23, SNDP 13, independents 13
Life expectancy at birth total population: 67.64 years


male: 66.03 years


female: 69.3 years (2007 est.)
total population:
69.5 years

male:
66.77 years

female:
72.37 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 84.9%


male: 92.2%


female: 77.9% (2001 census)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
97%

female:
97% (1971 est.)
Location Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references Africa Oceania
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 7 ships (1000 GRT or over) 20,455 GRT/27,871 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 6


foreign-owned: 2 (Egypt 1, Greece 1) (2007)
-
Military - note Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay, working conditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers have been problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed at improving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns; command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005) Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces; informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship
Military branches Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (FASTP): Army, Navy, Presidential Guard (2007) no regular armed services; Samoa Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.8% (2006) NA%
National holiday Independence Day, 12 July (1975) Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship, 1 June 1962 is the date that independence is celebrated
Nationality noun: Sao Tomean(s)


adjective: Sao Tomean
noun:
Samoan(s)

adjective:
Samoan
Natural hazards NA occasional typhoons; active volcanism
Natural resources fish, hydropower hardwood forests, fish, hydropower
Net migration rate -2.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) -11.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; New Way Movement or NR; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [TUILA'EPA Sailele Malielegaoi, chairman]; Samoa All People's Party or SAPP [Matatumua NAIMOAGA]; Samoan National Development Party or SNDP [TAPUA Tamasese Efi, chairman] (opposition); Samoa National Party [FETU Tiatia, party secretary]; Samoan Progressive Conservative Party [LEOTA Ituau Ale]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 199,579 (July 2007 est.) 179,058 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 54% (2004 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 3.13% (2007 est.) -0.23% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Apia, Asau, Mulifanua, Salelologa
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2001) AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 178,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4% (2001 census) Christian 99.7% (about one-half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter-Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.026 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.843 male(s)/female


total population: 0.976 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.71 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.87 male(s)/female

total population:
1.39 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate facilities


domestic: minimal system


international: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
adequate

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 7,100 (2005) 8,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 12,000 (2005) 1,545 (February 1998)
Television broadcast stations 2 (2001) 6 (1997)
Terrain volcanic, mountainous narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior
Total fertility rate 5.53 children born/woman (2007 est.) 3.4 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% NA%; note - substantial underemployment
Waterways - none
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